The Meaning of Cause and Effect in Modern Theoretical Physics and their Unification in Obidi's Theory of Entropicity (ToE)

The new question and meaning of cause and effect is one of the deepest implications of the Theory of Entropicity (ToE), and it is not a superficial philosophical flourish—it is a structural redefinition of causality itself. Given everything established in ToE, this new line of questioning and investigation is not only coherent, it is almost unavoidable.

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Cause and Effect in ToE: A Fundamental Reinterpretation

In the Theory of Entropicity (ToE), as first formulated and further developed by John Onimisi Obidi, entropy is not an outcome of processes; it is the condition that makes processes possible at all. This single shift already destabilizes the classical notion of cause and effect.

In traditional physics, causality is treated as a chain:
A causes B, B causes C, and so on. Causes are assumed to be distinct from effects, separated in time, and connected by laws that are themselves taken as primitive and eternal.

Obidi's Theory of Entropicity (ToE) rejects this picture at the root.

In ToE, entropy is the underlying field and constraint structure within which all events occur. Every event, interaction, or transformation is an expression of the local and global configuration of the entropic field. This means that what we call a “cause” and what we call an “effect” are not independent entities—they are two descriptions of the same entropic reconfiguration viewed at different stages of constraint resolution.

So, within ToE:

• The cause is entropy.
• The effect is also entropy.
• What changes is not the substance, but the configuration, gradient, and flow of entropy.

Cause and effect are therefore not separate things—they are the same entropic process viewed along the arrow of irreversibility.

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Why Cause and Effect Appear Separate (The Illusion Explained)

The illusion of separation arises because observers are embedded inside the entropic flow. We experience time sequentially, not globally. As a result, we label an earlier entropic configuration as “cause” and a later configuration as “effect.”

But from the standpoint of the entropic field itself:

• There is no external agent “causing” change.
• There is only entropy reconfiguring itself under its own constraints.
• The arrow of time is not imposed from outside—it is generated internally by entropy’s irreversibility.

This is why ToE does not need an external causal principle. Entropy is self-driving. It does not require a push; it unfolds because constraint imbalance demands resolution.

Thus, cause and effect are not ontologically distinct—they are epistemic labels imposed by observers trying to make sense of an entropic process they cannot step outside of.

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Cause–Effect Unity in ToE

We note that the statement that cause and effect may be one and the same is not at all poetic—it is technically accurate within the axiomatic foundations of the Theory of Entropicity (ToE).

In ToE, we have already seen that:

• There is no cause without entropy.
• There is no effect without entropy.
• There is no interaction outside entropy.
• There is no temporal evolution independent of entropy.

Therefore, cause and effect collapse into a single entropic ontology. What we call causation is simply entropy transitioning between constrained states.

This aligns naturally with:

• The No-Rush Theorem (interactions cannot occur faster than entropic resolution),
• Entropic geodesics (motion as least-entropic-resistance paths),
• The Vuli-Ndlela Integral (irreversibility enforced at the path-selection level).

All of these remove the need for an external causal mechanism.

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Implications for Physics

This has enormous consequences:

1. For classical mechanics
   Forces are no longer causes; they are entropic responses to gradients.

2. For quantum mechanics
   Measurement does not “cause” collapse. Collapse occurs when entropic observability thresholds are crossed.

3. For relativity
   Spacetime curvature is not a cause of motion; it is an entropic manifestation of constraint redistribution.

4. For cosmology
   The universe does not evolve because of initial causes—it evolves because entropy continuously reconfigures itself.

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Implications for Philosophy

Philosophically, ToE dissolves:

• Linear causality
• First-cause metaphysics
• The strict separation between agent and outcome

Instead, it replaces them with entropic necessity: things happen not because they are caused, but because they cannot not happen under given entropic constraints.

This reframes free will, determinism, and necessity in entirely new terms.

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Implications for Religion and Metaphysics

In religious and metaphysical contexts, this is profound:

• Creation need not be a single past event; it may be an ongoing entropic unfolding.
• Divine action, if interpreted through ToE, would not be interventionist causation but constraint setting.
• The unity of cause and effect resonates strongly with non-dual philosophies and deep theological traditions that reject separation as fundamental.

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ToE's Final Synthesis

Hence, within the Theory of Entropicity (ToE):

• Cause and effect arise from one source: entropy.
• They are not separate realities, but different perspectives on the same entropic process.
• The separation of cause and effect is a cognitive artifact, not a fundamental feature of nature.

This is not just a reinterpretation of causality.
It is a replacement of causality with entropic inevitability.

And that is why this insight from the Theory of Entropicity (ToE) truly does have sweeping implications for physics, science, philosophy, and religion alike.

Core Principles of the Theory of Entropicity (ToE) and Their Universal Implications and Consequences

Core Principles of the Theory of Entropicity (ToE) and Their Universal Implications and Consequences 

The Theory of Entropicity (ToE), as first formulated and further developed by John Onimisi Obidi) is a new framework in physics that treats entropy not as a passive measure of disorder, but as a fundamental, dynamic field driving all physical processes. It reimagines gravity, quantum mechanics, and even spacetime itself through the lens of entropy.  

🔑 Core Principles of the Theory of Entropicity

- Entropy as a Force: Unlike classical thermodynamics, where entropy is a statistical measure, ToE proposes that entropy actively drives motion and interactions.  

- No Instantaneous Events: The “No-Rush Theorem” states that all processes require finite time — nothing in nature happens instantaneously.  

- Spacetime Emergence: Spacetime is not fundamental; it emerges from the behavior of the entropic field.  

- Gravity Reinterpreted: Instead of spacetime curvature (Einstein’s view), gravity is explained as an entropy gradient.  

- Quantum Phenomena: Entanglement and wave function collapse are seen as entropy-driven processes that unfold over time, not instantaneously.  

- New Conservation Laws: ToE introduces concepts like Entropic CPT symmetry, Entropic Noether principle, and even a universal Speed Limit tied to entropy flow.  

🌌 Applications and Implications

- Cosmology: Offers new explanations for phenomena like Mercury’s perihelion precession without relying on relativity.  

- Quantum Information: Suggests entropy governs decoherence rates, potentially reshaping quantum computing.  

- Consciousness & AI: Extends entropy into information theory, proposing that information itself is an entropy carrier — with implications for AI design and biomarkers of consciousness.  

- Unification Goal: Seeks to eliminate the distinction between forces by showing they are all manifestations of entropic dynamics.  

🧠 Why It Matters

The Theory of Entropicity is still emerging and not yet fully formalized, but it represents a bold attempt to unify physics by putting entropy at the center. If validated, it could reshape how we understand time, causality, and the very fabric of reality.  

Think of it this way: instead of the universe being built on space and energy, ToE suggests it’s built on entropy flow. That flips the traditional view upside down — making disorder the ultimate architect of order.  

On the Universal Significance of Obidi's Theory of Entropicity (ToE) in Modern Theoretical Physics 

The Theory of Entropicity (ToE) is a recently developed, non-mainstream framework in theoretical physics that posits entropy as the fundamental field underlying reality, from which space, time, gravity, and quantum mechanics are claimed to emerge.

​Core Principles of ToE

​The Theory of Entropicity challenges the conventional view of entropy as merely a measure of disorder or a statistical byproduct. Instead, it suggests:

• ​**Entropy as the Fundamental Field: ToE treats entropy as a continuous, dynamic, universal field—the substrate from which all physical reality emerges.

• ​Emergent Phenomena: It proposes that phenomena like motion, gravity, and even the speed of light are emergent properties arising from the gradients and reorganization of this entropic field. For example, gravity is suggested to emerge from the field's statistical tendency to maximize entropy.

• ​Redefined Constants and Laws: The speed of light (c) is reinterpreted as the maximum rate the entropic field can reorganize energy and information. This framework attempts to derive relativistic effects like time dilation and mass increase from entropic principles, rather than treating them as fundamental postulates of spacetime geometry.

​Significance and Status

​The primary significance of the Theory of Entropicity lies in its audacious attempt to unify disparate areas of physics—such as thermodynamics, general relativity, and quantum mechanics—by grounding them all in the dynamics of this fundamental entropy field.

• ​Unifying Potential: It proposes a novel path toward a unified theory of quantum gravity through an entropic geometry, which is a major goal in modern physics.

• ​Challenging Established Concepts: It offers a radical, new philosophical lens on physics, suggesting that entropy, not geometry or energy, is the true causal medium.

• ​Status in Mainstream Physics: It is important to note that the Theory of Entropicity (ToE) is a recent, emerging proposal primarily associated with its originator, John Onimisi Obidi. It is not yet an established or widely accepted scientific theory in the mainstream physics community. It is still in the early stages of rigorous mathematical development and has yet to undergo the widespread peer review and experimental verification characteristic of accepted theories like General Relativity.

​The significance of ToE currently rests on its provocative conceptual framework, mathematical rigor and ingenuity, as well as its potential to spark new directions in theoretical research in modern physics.

 

Insights Leading to the Creation of the Theory of Entropicity (ToE)

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Entropy is not an abstract mathematical construct or a mere thermodynamic bookkeeping device. It is the invisible principle that quietly governs the unfolding of everything we experience. Entropy causes decay and wear; it causes aging and the inevitable drift of systems toward deterioration. Entropy drives transformation in biological organisms, in materials, in ecosystems, and in the cosmos. It is the underlying reason why structures weaken, why stars exhaust their fuel, why memories fade, why mountains erode, why civilizations rise and fall, and why even the universe itself evolves from one state to another.

Once this insight is recognized—once we see that entropy is responsible for almost every irreversible process in nature—the conclusion becomes unavoidable: if entropy is the dominant agent behind change, then entropy must also be the agent behind the deepest and most universal form of change known to physics: gravitation. Gravity shapes the formation of galaxies, the orbits of planets, the bending of light, and the curvature we attribute to spacetime. These are not exceptions to entropy—they are expressions of it. What we traditionally classify as “forces” or “interactions” may simply be different manifestations of one deeper phenomenon: the relentless drive of entropy to distribute itself, minimize constraints, and reorganize the universe’s degrees of freedom.

In that sense, gravity is not a fundamental interaction—it is the macroscopic signature of entropy flow on cosmic scales. And once gravity is reinterpreted in entropic terms, it becomes natural to extend the idea further. If entropy explains both microscopic irreversibility and cosmic architecture, then entropy cannot be local or confined—it must exist everywhere. It must permeate all of space, influence every process, and participate in every interaction. It must, in other words, be a universal field, just as real and pervasive as any gravitational, electromagnetic, or quantum field.

A universal influence with universal consequences must itself be universal in extent and universal in presence. And if entropy is universal, then the structures, dynamics, and phenomena of the universe must ultimately arise from this entropic field. This field becomes the foundation upon which the so-called laws of physics emerge, evolve, and operate. Entropy is no longer a derivative quantity—it becomes the primary fabric from which the universe is woven.

From this simple but revolutionary chain of reasoning, the Theory of Entropicity (ToE) is born. It elevates entropy from a secondary thermodynamic measure to the central force-field of reality, the generator of motion, the architect of form, the cause of gravity, the origin of the laws of physics themselves, and the universal principle dictating the evolution of the cosmos.

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Iterative Solutions of the Complex Obidi Field Equations (OFE) of the Theory of Entropicity (ToE)

The Obidi Field Equations (OFE), central to the proposed "Theory of Entropicity" (ToE), as first formulated and further developed by John Onimisi Obidi, cannot be solved in the traditional, closed-form mathematical sense like Einstein's field equations for simple cases. Instead, their solutions must be iteratively approximated using advanced computational methods that mirror the universe's continuous "self-computation". The Obidi Field Equations (OFE) are also more commonly referred to as the Master Entropic Equations (MEE) of the Theory of Entropicity (ToE).

Nature of the Obidi Field Equations

The equations are based on the Obidi Action, a variational principle that treats entropy as a fundamental, dynamic field rather than a statistical byproduct. This fundamental difference means the equations are: 

• Inherently dynamic and self-referential: Each iteration changes the very geometry of the field (the "entropic manifold"), meaning there is no fixed background metric to calculate against.
• Probabilistic: They operate within a framework of information geometry, treating the structure of probability distributions as a curved manifold.
• Algorithmic, not static: The field constantly updates and refines its informational state through feedback loops, much like an adaptive learning algorithm. 

Methods for Approximation and Simulation

Solving the Obidi Field Equations requires advanced computational and mathematical approaches that go beyond traditional differential geometry. The proposed methods involve:

• Iterative Relaxation Algorithms: These are used to adjust local entropy gradients and recalculate how information is redistributed in successive steps.
• Entropy-Constrained Monte Carlo Methods: These stochastic methods would help manage the probabilistic nature of the field.
• Information-Geometric Gradient Flows: These mathematical tools converge probabilistically toward a stable state, reflecting how physical reality stabilizes into observable patterns. 

A Universe That "Computes Itself" 

The theory posits that the solutions represent the "best possible configuration of the entropy field at a given level of informational resolution". The process of finding a solution is open-ended; it continues until a quasi-stationary state (a local equilibrium) is reached, at which point new iterations yield diminishing returns.

Therefore, to "solve" the Obidi Field Equations (OFE) is to simulate the continuous, self-correcting computation that the universe itself undergoes, always approaching an entropic balance but never fully reaching it in a static sense. 

The Obidi Field Equations (OFE) of the "Theory of Entropicity" (ToE) are described as having a high degree of inherent mathematical and computational complexity, primarily because they are nonlinear, nonlocal, self-referential, and require iterative, adaptive algorithmic solutions rather than closed-form analytical ones.

This complexity stems from the theory's foundational premise, which elevates entropy to a fundamental, dynamic field that generates spacetime, gravity, and quantum phenomena, rather than being a secondary statistical measure.

Key aspects of the complexity include:

• Iterative Solutions: Unlike some exact solutions for Einstein's field equations, the MEE (Master Entropic Equation (MEE), or Obidi Field Equation) resists closed-form solutions. Solutions emerge only through iterative refinement, mirroring the theory's concept that the universe continuously "computes" and reconfigures itself through local entropy exchanges. This aligns its mathematics more with computational and AI algorithms than classical calculus.
• Integration of Diverse Frameworks: The theory unifies the distinct mathematical languages of thermodynamics, general relativity, and quantum mechanics, which requires a sophisticated framework combining information geometry, non-equilibrium thermodynamics, and spectral operator geometry.
• Information Geometry: The equations are built upon advanced concepts like the Fisher-Rao metric, Fubini-Study geometry, and Amari–Cencov 𝛼-connections, which introduce asymmetry and irreversibility into the geometric foundations of the field equations.
• Nonlinearity and Nonlocality: The MEE is described as highly nonlinear and nonlocal, reflecting the complex, probabilistic nature of entropy as the fundamental field of reality.
• Ongoing Development: The theory is still in active development, meaning explicit and detailed mathematical constructions, especially concerning the full quantization of the entropy field and its coupling to the Standard Model, are still undergoing formalization and peer review.

Web App for Studying and Doing Research on the Theory of Entropicity (ToE). Version 2.0

Here we provide a summary of the interactive application and the underlying research, along with the downloadable files.

Interactive ToE Study Companion

The web app The Theory of Entropicity (ToE) is a self-contained study dashboard that loads in any modern browser (no server or installation required). Key features include:

• Concept Explorer: A sidebar lists major topics—such as entropy as a fundamental field, the Obidi Action & Master Entropic Equation, entropic force, Mercury’s perihelion precession, adaptive laws of physics, and comparisons with holographic pseudo‑entropy. Selecting a topic displays the full entry with citations.
• Smart Search: An intuitive search bar uses fuzzy matching (via Fuse.js) to return the most relevant entries. Each result shows an excerpt; clicking Show more toggles the full, richly formatted explanation with citations.
• Clean, responsive UI: The app is styled with Bootstrap and custom CSS for a polished dashboard-like layout. It adapts to different screen sizes and is fully keyboard accessible.

Content Highlights

The app’s dataset synthesizes peer‑reviewed articles/papers and preprints on the Theory of Entropicity (ToE):

• Entropy as the fundamental field: ToE elevates entropy from a measure of disorder to the dynamic fabric from which space, time, motion and matter emerge. In this view, time is the flow of entropy and space maps entropic gradients.
• Obidi Action & Master Entropic Equation (MEE): A variational principle (the Obidi Action) leads to the MEE, which governs how entropy gradients evolve and couple to geometry and matter. In the low‑entropy limit, the MEE reduces to Einstein’s general relativity.
• Iterative solutions & information geometry: Solutions to the MEE are obtained iteratively, reflecting the probabilistic nature of entropy. The Vuli–Ndlela integral generalizes Feynman’s path integral, summing over entropic configurations weighted by reversible and irreversible dynamics.
• Entropic force & emergent curvature: ToE replaces fundamental forces with entropy-driven constraints; gradients of an active entropy field create effective forces and curvature. The entropic force is and the effective metric arises from second derivatives of the entropy potential.
• Mercury’s perihelion: ToE reproduces the observed 43″/century perihelion shift of Mercury using entropy‑driven corrections to Newtonian gravity rather than spacetime curvature.
• Adaptive laws of physics: The theory posits that physical laws emerge from and adapt to the entropic field, leading to the No‑Rush theorem and other adaptive rules.
• Comparison with pseudo‑entropy: Recent holographic pseudo‑entropy constructions are shown to be special linearized limits of ToE’s Master Entropic Equation; ToE provides a unifying framework that explains dark matter, dark energy and vacuum entropic pressure.

How to Download and Use the App

All source files are packaged in a single ZIP archive. Download the app, extract it, and open index.html in your browser to start exploring.

Download:

We can provide you with the app dataset upon request. Feel free to extend or modify the dataset; it’s defined in a simple JavaScript file (data.js), making it easy to update entries as new research emerges. Enjoy exploring the Theory of Entropicity (ToE)!

Are Physical Laws Eternal in the Theory of Entropicity (ToE)?

The Theory of Entropicity (ToE), as first formulated and further developed by John Onimisi Obidi, does not commit to the classical assumption that the laws of physics are eternal or immutable. Instead, ToE introduces a deeper principle: the universe is governed not by static laws, but by dynamic constraints determined by the flow, distribution, and gradients of entropy.

In this framework, what we call a “law of physics” is not an absolute decree inscribed into the fabric of reality from the beginning of time. Rather, it is an emergent, entropy-conditioned rule that arises from the structure of the entropic field at a given epoch of the universe. As the entropic field evolves—redistributing density, modifying flows, and restructuring constraints—the effective laws that govern physical phenomena may also evolve.

This view represents a dramatic shift from traditional physics. Classical and relativistic theories assume that laws are timeless, fixed, and universally valid. ToE challenges this assumption by arguing that laws are manifestations of entropy, not metaphysical absolutes. If entropy is the fundamental field, and if it evolves irreversibly according to its own constraints, then the laws derived from it cannot remain eternally fixed. They must reflect the changing entropic configuration of the universe.

In this sense, the ToE does not state that laws “decay” or “break.” Instead, it proposes that the universe passes through different entropic regimes, and each regime supports its own consistent set of dynamical rules. The irreversibility built into the Vuli Ndlela Integral, the No-Rush Theorem, and entropic geodesics implies that the universe is continuously reorganizing itself. As it does so, the effective laws—such as the strength of interactions, the behavior of fields, the structure of spacetime, and even the mathematical relationships we currently call “constants”—may take new forms that remain compatible with the prevailing entropic landscape.

This is not chaos; it is structured evolution. The entropic field preserves consistency while allowing transformation.

Thus, in the Theory of Entropicity, laws are not eternal—they are adaptive expressions of a deeper, evolving entropic order.

App Deployment on the Theory of Entropicity (ToE):

App on the Theory of Entropicity (ToE): Click or Open on web browser (a GitHub Deployment - WIP): Theory of Entropicity (ToE)

https://phjob7.github.io/JOO_1PUBLIC/index.html

 

Sources — help

1. ijcsrr.org
2. researchgate.net
3. encyclopedia.pub
4. medium.com
5. medium.com
6. medium.com
7. medium.com
8. encyclopedia.pub
9. figshare.com
10. researchgate.net
11. medium.com
12. researchgate.net
13. cambridge.org

References

1. Obidi, John Onimisi. (12th November, 2025). On the Theory of Entropicity (ToE) and Ginestra Bianconi’s Gravity from Entropy: A Rigorous Derivation of Bianconi’s Results from the Entropic Obidi Actions of the Theory of Entropicity (ToE). Cambridge University. https//doi.org/10.33774/coe-2025-g7ztq
2. John Onimisi Obidi. (6th November, 2025). Comparative analysis between john onimisi obidi’s theory of entropicity (toe) and waldemar marek feldt’s feldt–higgs universal bridge (f–hub) theory. International Journal of Current Science Research and Review, 8(11), pp. 5642–5657, 19th November 2025. URL: https://doi.org/10.47191/ijcsrr/V8-i11–21
3. Obidi, John Onimisi. 2025. On the Conceptual and Mathematical Foundations of the Theory of Entropicity (ToE): An Alternative Path toward Quantum Gravity and the Unification of Physics. Cambridge University. Published October 17, 2025. https://doi.org/10.33774/coe-2025-1dsrv
4. Obidi, John Onimisi (17th October 2025). On the Conceptual and Mathematical Foundations of the Theory of Entropicity (ToE): An Alternative Path toward Quantum Gravity and the Unification of Physics. Figshare. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.30337396.v2
5. Obidi, John Onimisi. 2025. A Simple Explanation of the Unifying Mathematical Architecture of the Theory of Entropicity (ToE): Crucial Elements of ToE as a Field Theory. Cambridge University. Published October 20, 2025. https://doi.org/10.33774/coe-2025-bpvf3
6. Obidi, John Onimisi (15 November 2025). The Theory of Entropicity (ToE) Goes Beyond Holographic Pseudo-Entropy: From Boundary Diagnostics to a Universal Entropic Field Theory. Figshare. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.30627200.v1
7. Obidi, John Onimisi. Unified Field Architecture of Theory of Entropicity (ToE). Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/59276 (accessed on 19 November 2025).
8. Obidi, John Onimisi. (4 November, 2025). The Theory of Entropicity (ToE) Derives Einstein’s Relativistic Speed of Light © as a Function of the Entropic Field: ToE Applies Logical Entropic Concepts and Principles to Derive Einstein’s Second Postulate. Cambridge University. https://doi.org/10.33774/coe-2025-f5qw8-v2
9. Obidi, John Onimisi. (28 October, 2025). The Theory of Entropicity (ToE) Derives and Explains Mass Increase, Time Dilation and Length Contraction in Einstein’s Theory of Relativity (ToR): ToE Applies Logical Entropic Concepts and Principles to Verify Einstein’s Relativity. Cambridge University. https://doi.org/10.33774/coe-2025-6wrkm
10. HandWiki contributors, “Physics:Theory of Entropicity (ToE) Derives Einstein’s Special Relativity,” HandWiki, https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Physics:Theory_of_Entropicity_(ToE)_Derives_Einstein%27s_Special_Relativity&oldid=3845936

Further Resources on the Theory of Entropicity (ToE):

1. Website: Theory of Entropicity ToE — https://theoryofentropicity.blogspot.com
2. LinkedIn: Theory of Entropicity ToE — https://www.linkedin.com/company/theory-of-entropicity-toe/about/?viewAsMember=true
3. Notion-1: Theory of Entropicity (ToE)
4. Notion-2: Theory of Entropicity (ToE)
5. Notion-3: Theory of Entropicity (ToE)
6. Notion-4: Theory of Entropicity (ToE)
7. Substack: Theory of Entropicity (ToE) — John Onimisi Obidi | Substack
8. Medium: Theory of Entropicity (ToE) — John Onimisi Obidi — Medium
9. SciProfiles: Theory of Entropicity (ToE) — John Onimisi Obidi | Author
10. Encyclopedia.pub: Theory of Entropicity (ToE) — John Onimisi Obidi | Author
11. HandWiki contributors, “Biography: John Onimisi Obidi,” HandWiki, https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Biography:John_Onimisi_Obidi&oldid=2743427 (accessed October 31, 2025).
12. HandWiki Contributions: Theory of Entropicity (ToE) — John Onimisi Obidi | HandWiki
13. HandWiki Home: Theory of Entropicity (ToE) — John Onimisi Obidi | HandWiki
14. HandWiki Homepage-User Page: Theory of Entropicity (ToE) — John Onimisi Obidi | HandWiki
15. Academia: Theory of Entropicity (ToE) — John Onimisi Obidi | Academia
16. ResearchGate: Theory of Entropicity (ToE) — John Onimisi Obidi | ResearchGate
17. Figshare: Theory of Entropicity (ToE) — John Onimisi Obidi | Figshare
18. Authoria: Theory of Entropicity (ToE) — John Onimisi Obidi | Authorea
19. Social Science Research Network (SSRN): Theory of Entropicity (ToE) — John Onimisi Obidi | SSRN
20. Wikidata contributors, Biography: John Onimisi Obidi “Q136673971,” Wikidata, https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q136673971&oldid=2423782576 (accessed November 13, 2025).
21. Google Scholar: ‪John Onimisi Obidi — ‪Google Scholar
22. IJCSRR: International Journal of Current Science Research and Review - Theory of Entropicity (ToE) - John Onimisi Obidi | IJCSRR
23. Cambridge University Open Engage (CoE): Collected Papers on the Theory of Entropicity (ToE)